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1.
Emmanuelle Boisvieux-Ulrich Marie-Christine Lainé Daniel Sandoz 《Cell and tissue research》1990,259(3):443-454
Summary The effects of cytochalasin D (CD) were studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron-microscopic examination at different stages of ciliary differentiation in epithelial cells of quail oviduct. Immature quails were prestimulated by estradiol benzoate injections to induce ciliogenesis in the undifferentiated oviduct. After 24 h of CD culture, SEM study revealed inhibition of ciliogenesis and dilation of the apex of non-ciliated cells. TEM study showed that 2 h of CD treatment produced dilation of lateral intercellular spaces, after 6 h of treatment, this resulted in intracellular macrovacuolation. Vacuoles were surrounded by aggregates of dense felt-like material. CD also induced the disappearance of microvilli, and rounding of the apical surface of undifferentiated cells and those blocked in ciliogenesis. Centriologenesis was not inhibited by CD; basal bodies assembled in generative complexes in the supranuclear region after 24 h of treatment. However, the migration of mature basal bodies towards the apical surface was impaired. Instead, they anchored onto the membrane of intracellular vacuoles; growth of cilia was induced in the vacuole lumen. Cilium elongation was disturbed, giving abnormally short cilia with a dilated tip; microtubules failed to organize correctly. 相似文献
2.
Summary In order to assess the capacity of neural crest from different sources to participate in thymic development, neural crest from selected axial levels was transplanted unilaterally from quail donors to the region in chick hosts from which neural crest cells normaly migrate to interact with the primordial thymus. The greatest representation of donor cells was observed after isotopic transplantation and when donor tissue was taken from the hyoid and mesencephalic regions of the neural crest. The capacity for transplants to contribute cells decreased both anteriorly and posteriorly, so that neural crest close to the usual origin of mesenchyme-producing cells contributed a larger number of donor cells around the developing thymus than neural crest from anterior and posterior regions. Cells from the transplant were inserted as an addition to the host chick cells. Thus, a special relationship and capacity for interaction in thymic development is expressed by neural crest at usual levels over a limited span of axial regions, but to some extent by all regions. This study has established that the capacity for neural crest cells from different axial levels to interact with developing organs is not uniform, but may vary, depending upon the nature of the interaction with a particular organ.This study was supported by Grant No. 2332, The Council for Tobacco Research, USA, Inc. 相似文献
3.
N. Aste C. Viglietti-Panzica A. Fasolo C. Andreone H. Vaudry G. Pelletier G. C. Panzica 《Cell and tissue research》1991,265(2):219-230
Summary In the present study, we have demonstrated, by means of the biotin-avidin method, the widespread distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive structures throughout the whole brain of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The prosencephalic region contained the highest concentration of both NPY-containing fibres and perikarya. Immunoreactive fibres were observed throughout, particularly within the paraolfactory lobe, the lateral septum, the nucleus taeniae, the preoptic area, the periventricular hypothalamic regions, the tuberal complex, and the ventrolateral thalamus. NPY-immunoreactive cells were represented by: a) small scattered perikarya in the telencephalic portion (i.e. archistriatal, neostriatal and hyperstriatal regions, hippocampus, piriform cortex); b) medium-sized cell bodies located around the nucleus rotundus, ventrolateral, and lateral anterior thalamic nuclei; c) small clustered cells within the periventricular and medial preoptic nuclei. The brainstem showed a less diffuse innervation, although a dense network of immunopositive fibres was observed within the optic tectum, the periaqueductal region, and the Edinger-Westphal, linearis caudalis and raphes nuclei. Two populations of large NPY-containing perikarya were detected: one located in the isthmic region, the other at the boundaries of the pons with the medulla. The wide distribution of NPY-immunoreactive structures within regions that have been demonstrated to play a role in the control of vegetative, endocrine and sensory activities suggests that, in birds, this neuropeptide is involved in the regulation of several aspects of cerebral functions.Abbreviations
AA
archistriatum anterius
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AC
nucleus accumbens
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AM
nucleus anterior medialis
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APP
avian pancreatic polypeptide
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CNS
centrai nervous system
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CO
chiasma opticum
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CP
commissura posterior
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CPi
cortex piriformis
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DIC
differential interferential contrast
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DLAl
nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars lateralis
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DLAm
nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars medialis
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E
ectostriatum
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EW
nucleus of Edinger-Westphal
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FLM
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
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GCt
substantia grisea centralis
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GLv
nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis
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HA
hyperstriatum accessorium
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Hp
hippocampus
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HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
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HV
hyperstriatum ventrale
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IF
nucleus infundibularis
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IO
nucleus isthmo-opticus
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IP
nucleus interpeduncularis
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IR
immunoreactive
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LA
nucleus lateralis anterior thalami
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LC
nucleus linearis caudalis
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LFS
lamina frontalis superior
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LH
lamina hyperstriatica
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LHRH
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
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LoC
locus coeruleus
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LPO
lobus paraolfactorius
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ME
eminentia mediana
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N
neostriatum
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NC
neostriatum caudale
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NPY
neuropeptide Y
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NIII
nervus oculomotorius
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NV
nervus trigeminus
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NVI
nervus facialis
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NVIIIc
nervus octavus, pars cochlearis
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nIV
nucleus nervi oculomotorii
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nIX
nucleus nervi glossopharyngei
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nBOR
nucleus opticus basalis (ectomamilaris)
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nCPa
nucleus commissurae pallii
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nST
nucleus striae terminalis
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OM
tractus occipitomesencephalicus
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OS
nucleus olivaris superior
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PA
palaeostriatum augmentatum
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PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
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POA
nucleus praeopticus anterior
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POM
nucleus praeopticus medialis
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POP
nucleus praeopticus periventricularis
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PP
pancreatic polypeptide
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PYY
polypeptide YY
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PVN
nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis
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PVO
organum paraventriculare
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R
nucleus raphes
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ROT
nucleus rotundus
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RP
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis
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Rpc
nucleus reticularis parvocellularis
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RPgc
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, pars gigantocellularis
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RPO
nucleus reticularis pontis oralis
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SCd
nucleus subcoeruleus dorsalis
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SCv
nucleus subcoeruleus ventralis
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SCNm
nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars medialis
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SCNl
nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars lateralis
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SL
nucleus septalis lateralis
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SM
nucleus septalis medialis
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Ta
nucleus tangentialis
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TeO
tectum opticum
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Tn
nucleus taeniae
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TPc
nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta
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TSM
tractus septo-mesencephalicus
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TV
nueleus tegmenti ventralis
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VeL
nucleus vestibularis lateralis
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VLT
nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
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VMN
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
A preliminary report of this study was presented at the 15th Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists, Leuven, Belgium, September 1990 相似文献
4.
The validation of the urinary excretion of N-methylhistidine (N-MH) by quail as an index of the muscle protein turnover rate was tested using the criterion of the rate of recovery of radioactivity in urine following an intraperitoneal dose of l-[3-14C]methylhistidine. A genetic study on muscle protein turnover in quail was conducted using three genetically diverse lines (LL, large body size; SS, small body size; RR, random-bred control line) selected for body size. When l-[3-14C]methylhistidine was administered to 20-week-old male and female coturnix quail by direct intraperitoneal injection, approximately 90% of the l-[3-14C]methylhistidine was recovered by 96 hr postinjection. Recoveries were low in the egg and muscle. These results show that N-MH released from myofibrillar protein is not reutilized and the excretion of N-MH is a satisfactory index of muscle protein breakdown. In all lines, the amount of urinary N-MH excretion and fractional synthesis (Ks) and degradation (Kd) rates at the high growing period were higher than those at the low growing period. The Ks and Kd are significantly different among selected lines at both 3 and 6 weeks of age. At 3 weeks of age, the fractional rate of synthesis of the LL line (13.2%/day) was higher than that of the RR line (11.5%/day), whereas the SS (8.1%/day) was lower than that of the RR line (11.5%/day). The fractional rates of degradation of both the LL line (4.1%/day) and the SS line (5.6%/day) were lower than that of the RR line (7.0%/day) at 3 weeks of age. From these results, it was recognized that selection for body size gave rise to the changes in the muscle protein turnover rate. 相似文献
5.
R. Guglielmone 《Cell and tissue research》1995,281(1):163-168
Although the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons of the avian paraventricular organ exhibit considerable amounts of catecholamines, they show no tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. In the quail embryo, the development of these neurons has been studied using the paraformaldeyde-glutaraldeyde method for the fluorescence-histochemical localization of catecholamines. The timing of the appearance of catecholamine fluorescence in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and that in catecholamine-containing neurons of the brainstem have been compared. The first neurons displaying catecholamine fluorescence are found within the locus coeruleus and the nucleus subcoeruleus ventralis on the 5.5th day of incubation. Catecholaminergic neuronal groups of the medulla and mesencephalon can be identified by embryonic day 7, and fluorescent cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular organ can be first recognized at the 8th day of incubation. If the catecholamine content of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons that lack tyrosine hydroxylase depends upon an uptake mechanism, it may be significant that, in fluorescence-histochemical preparations, these neurons can be identified 1–3 days later than those in which catecholamines are synthesized and from which catecholamines are released at an earlier developmental stage. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons that have previously been shown to be tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive, and that lie at the spinal-medullary junction display a different developmental pattern. By fluorescence histochemistry, they can be detected only by embryonic day 10.5. The chemical, developmental and topographical differences suggest that the catecholamine-containing cerebrospinal fluid-contacting elements of the paraventricular organ and those of the spinal cord represent two different subsets of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons whose respective functional roles remain to be investigated. 相似文献
6.
Summary Monoamine fluorescence was examined in the ventral hypothalamus of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica after medial basal hypothalamic deafferentation. In sham-operated control birds, numerous yellow-green fluorescent fibers were observed in the median eminence and the nucleus tuberis. In the area of the paraventricular organ, a number of fluorescent fibers and cell bodies were observed. In birds with deafferented hypothalami, fluorescence disappeared both in the median eminence and the nucleus tuberis. In the area of the paraventricular organ, which was within the area of deafferentation, fluorescence of neuronal perikarya did not change, but fluorescent fibers decreased markedly in number. Disappearance of monoamine fluorescence in the median eminence and the nucleus tuberis is discussed in relation to the tanycyte absorptive function and gonadal development.Supported by Grants from the Ministry of Education to Professors T. Bando and H. Kobayashi, and a Grant from the Ford Foundation to Prof. H. Kobayashi. 相似文献
7.
Phillips-Singh D Li Q Takeuchi S Ohkubo T Sharp PJ Boswell T 《Cell and tissue research》2003,313(2):217-225
Research in mammals has established the existence of a neuronal network that lies within the hypothalamus and that regulates energy homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether this system has been evolutionarily conserved. The objective of the present study was therefore to examine the influence of the agouti-related peptide (AGRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), prepro-orexin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) genes on energy balance in birds by quantifying the effect of a 24-h fast on their expression in the hypothalamus of the Japanese quail. In situ hybridization revealed strong signals for AGRP and POMC mRNAs in the infundibular nucleus (IN), for prepro-orexin in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHy) and periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and for VIP in the LHy. POMC mRNA was co-localized with -melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity in individual IN neurons. Compared with the ad-libitum-fed state, a 24-h fast resulted in a 2.2-fold increased expression of AGRP mRNA in the IN. However, fasting did not induce changes in POMC, prepro-orexin, or VIP mRNAs. The results suggest an involvement of the central melanocortin system in the regulation of energy balance in birds, as in mammals. In contrast, orexins in birds may be primarily involved in the control of physiological functions other than energy homeostasis.This research was supported by a Commonwealth Fellowship to D.P.-S. and a BBSRC Fellowship to T.B. 相似文献
8.
V. Debacker A. Rutten T. Jauniaux C. Daemers J-M. Bouquegneau 《Biological trace element research》2001,82(1-3):87-107
Combined effects of heavy-metal contamination (Cu, Zn, and CH3Hg) and starvation were tested on common quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and used as a model for comparison with a wild common guillemot (Uria aalge) population found stranded at the Belgian coast. Appropriate heavy-metal levels were given to the quails to obtain concentrations
similar to those found in the seabirds’s tissues. The contaminated animals were then starved for 4 d to simulate the evident
malnutrition symptoms observed at the guillemot’s level. In such conditions, food intake and total-body weight are shown to
decrease in contaminated individuals with simultaneous significant hepatic and renal increase of the heavy-metal concentrations.
Like guillemots, higher heavy-metal levels were observed in those contaminated quails that had also developed a cachectic
status characterized by a general atrophy of their pectoral muscle and complete absence of subcutaneous and/or abdominal fat
depots. Although likely the result of a general protein catabolism during starvation, it is suggested that these higher metal
levels could as well enhance a general muscle wasting process (cachectic status). 相似文献
9.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), known to play an important role in vascular homeostasis, vascular integrity and angiogenesis, is little known about the evolutionary relationship of its five members especially the role of gene duplication and natural selection in the evolution of the VEGF family. In this study, seventy-five full-length cDNA sequences from 33 vertebrate species were extracted from the NCBI's GenBank, UniProt protein database and the Ensembl database. By phylogenetic analyses, we investigated the origin, conservation, and evolution of the VEGFs. Five VEGF family members in vertebrates might be formed by gene duplication. The inferred evolutionary transitions that separate members which belong to different gene clusters correlated with changes in functional properties. Selection analysis and protein structure analysis were combined to explain the relationship of the site-specific evolution in the vertebrate VEGF family. Eleven positive selection sites, one transmembrane region and the active sites were detected in this process. 相似文献
10.
Summary The nucleus intercollicularis is an important site in the control of vocalization in birds. In oscines, a subregion of the nucleus intercollicularis called the dorso-medial intercollicular nucleus appears to play a key role in this process because it receives the majority of the projections from the nucleus robustus archistriatalis and sends most of the projections to the motor nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve. In this paper, we present neurochemical studies of the nucleus intercollicularis in the Japanese quail which suggest the presence of heterogeneity within this structure. One rostral band contains high densities of cholinergic muscarinic receptors identified by quantitative autoradiography using tritiated N-methylscopolamine as the ligand. A caudal dorso-medial region is specifically labeled by estrogen receptors identified using immunocytochemistry and by 2-adrenergic receptors which were quantified by autoradiography using tritiated para-amino-clonidine. This latter sub-region is possibly equivalent to the dorso-medial intercollicular nucleus of oscines. Additional track-tracing studies should be performed to confirm this homology. The coexistence of estrogen and 2-adrenergic receptors within the same structure suggests important functional connections between steroid action and catecholaminergic systems in the brain. 相似文献